From: Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review
Ā | Studies (Nā=ā42) | |
---|---|---|
Method | ||
āAssumption method | 25 [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41, 43, 58, 59, 61, 63,64,65,66] | |
āImplicit measure | 17 [20,21,22,23,24, 42, 44,45,46,47,48,49,50, 60, 62, 67, 68] | |
āImplicit measure - IAT | ||
Ā | (of which: IAT combined with behaviour or decision) | |
āImplicit measure - Subliminal priming | ||
Setting and type of test | ||
āIAT ā implicit prejudice | ||
āIAT ā implicit stereotype | ||
āIAT ā standard | ||
āIAT ā Single Category | ||
āIAT ā uncontrolled setting | ||
āIAT - controlled laboratory setting | ||
āIAT ā setting unspecified | ||
āAssumption method ā video vignette with oral questions | ||
āAssumption method ā written texts | ||
Ā | (of which: photos in addition) | 1 [43] |
āAssumption method ā video vignette with written questions | ||
āAssumption method ā simulations of encounters with patients and role-play | 1 [41] | |
āAssumption method ā controlled setting | ||
āAssumption method ā uncontrolled setting | ||
āAssumption method ā setting unspecified | 1 [59] | |
Bias(es) studied | ||
āRacial/ethnic | 27 [20,21,22,23,24, 27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41, 43,44,45,46,47, 67] | |
āMultiple | ||
āGender | ||
āSocio-economic status (SES) | ||
āAge | ||
āMental illness | ||
āWeight | ||
āBrain-injured patients perceived to have contributed to their injury | ||
āIntravenous drug users | ||
āDisability | 1 [62] | |
āAIDS patients | 1 [61] | |
āSocial circumstances (desiring an active lifestyle, having a demanding career, having family demands) | 1 [66] | |
Country of study | ||
āUS | 27 [20,21,22,23,24, 27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41, 43,44,45,46,47, 62, 66] | |
āUK | ||
āCompared countries (US, UK and Germany) | ||
āWorldwide | ||
āFrance | ||
āAustralia | ||
āGermany | ||
āCanada | ||
āIsrael | 1 [63] | |
āHong Kong | 1 [64] | |
āChina | 1 [61] | |
Ā | Participants (Nā=ā15148) | |
Profession of participants | ||
āPhysicians | 12156 | |
āNurses | 740 | |
āEither physicians or nurses | 1404 | |
āāCliniciansā, or āmental health professionalsā (at least some of whom were nurses and physicians) | 834 | |
āPsychologists | 12 | |
āMedical Students | 2 |