Table 2 Reporting of informed consent and ethical approval in clinical research in leading nursing journals between 2015 and 2017
Items | Number of clinical researches | Number of Prospective studies | N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Informed consent reported | Ethical approval reported | |||
Year | ||||
2015 | 398 | 364 (91.5) | 328 (90.1) | 376 (94.5) |
2016 | 510 | 477 (93.5) | 411 (86.2) | 477 (93.5) |
2017 | 376 | 344 (91.5) | 298 (86.6) | 350 (93.1) |
X2 | 0.462 | 0.045 | ||
P value | 0.794 | 0.978 | ||
Study type | ||||
Prospective studies | 1185 | – | 1037 (87.5) | 1121 (94.6) |
Randomized controlled trial | 122 | – | 113 (92.6) | 119 (97.5) |
Nonrandomized trial | 62 | – | 52 (83.9) | 61 (98.4) |
Observational study | 835 | – | 734 (87.9) | 792 (94.9) |
Single-arm | 66 | – | 52 (78.8) | 55 (83.3) |
Specimen | 0 | – | 0 | 0 |
Mixed methods study | 100 | – | 86 (86.0) | 94 (94.0) |
Retrospective studies | 99 | – | – | 82 (82.8) |
Specimen | 0 | – | – | 0 |
Chart review | 21 | – | – | 20 (95.2) |
Database analysis | 78 | – | – | 62 (79.5) |
P value | – | < 0.001 | ||
Mentioning financial support | ||||
Yes | 702 | 662 (94.3) | 587 (88.7) | 668 (95.2) |
No | 582 | 523 (89.9) | 450 (86.0) | 535 (91.9) |
P value | 0.185 | 0.021 | ||
The country of conducting the research | ||||
US | 186 | 155 (83.3) | 127 (81.9) | 175 (94.1) |
Australia | 148 | 137 (92.6) | 118 (86.1) | 147 (99.3) |
UK | 144 | 136 (94.4) | 111 (81.6) | 138 (95.8) |
China | 124 | 119 (96.0) | 107 (90.0) | 118 (95.2) |
Sweden | 69 | 63 (91.3) | 59 (93.7) | 66 (95.7) |
≥ 2 countries | 63 | 59 (93.7) | 48 (81.4) | 52 (82.5) |
Canada | 60 | 55 (91.7) | 51 (92.7) | 58 (96.7) |
Netherlands | 47 | 44 (93.6) | 39 (88.6) | 42 (89.4) |
Spain | 43 | 40 (93.0) | 35 (87.5) | 31 (72.1) |
Korea | 43 | 41 (95.3) | 39 (95.1) | 43 (100) |
Turkey | 33 | 33 (100) | 33 (100) | 28 (84.9) |
Norway | 25 | 23 (92.0) | 22 (95.7) | 24 (96.0) |
Italy | 25 | 23 (92.0) | 21 (91.3) | 23 (92.0) |
Japan | 19 | 16 (84.2) | 15 (93.8) | 19 (100) |
Finland | 17 | 16 (94.1) | 14 (87.5) | 15 (88.2) |
Ireland | 17 | 16 (94.1) | 12 (75.0) | 13 (76.5) |
Singapore | 17 | 17 (100) | 16 (94.1) | 16 (94.1) |
Israel | 16 | 12 (75.0) | 9 (75.0) | 16 (100) |
Germany | 15 | 14 (93.3) | 11 (78.6) | 13 (86.7) |
Denmark | 14 | 14 (100) | 14 (100) | 13 (92.9) |
Belgium | 13 | 13 (100) | 12 (92.3) | 13 (100) |
Iran | 13 | 13 (100) | 12 (92.3) | 13 (100) |
Jordan | 11 | 11 (100) | 10 (90.1) | 10 (90.1) |
Brazil | 11 | 10 (90.1) | 9 (90.0) | 11 (100) |
France | 9 | 7 (77.8) | 5 (71.4) | 8 (88.9) |
New Zealand | 8 | 6 (75.0) | 4 (66.7) | 8 (100) |
Switzerland | 8 | 8 (100) | 8 (100) | 7 (87.5) |
Thailand | 7 | 7 (100) | 6 (85.7) | 7 (100) |
South Africa | 6 | 6 (100) | 6 (100) | 6 (100) |
Greece | 5 | 5 (100) | 4 (80.0) | 5 (100) |
Poland | 5 | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) |
Portugal | 5 | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) |
Iceland | 4 | 3 (75.0) | 3 (100) | 3 (75.0) |
India | 4 | 4 (100) | 3 (75.0) | 4 (100) |
Indonesia | 4 | 4 (100) | 3 (75.0) | 4 (100) |
Malaysia | 4 | 4 (100) | 4 (100) | 4 (100) |
Lebanon | 4 | 4 (100) | 4 (100) | 4 (100) |
Philippines | 4 | 4 (100) | 4 (100) | 4 (100) |
Saudi Arabia | 4 | 4 (100) | 2 (50.0) | 3 (75.0) |
Croatia | 3 | 3 (100) | 2 (66.7) | 3 (100) |
Afghanistan | 2 | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) |
Africa | 2 | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) |
Chile | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 1 (100) | 2 (100) |
Mexico | 2 | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) |
Nepal | 2 | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) |
Oman | 2 | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) |
Brunei | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Dutch | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Egypt | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Ethiopia | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Florida | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Lithuania | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Madagascar | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 |
Malawi | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Nigeria | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Pakistan | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Palestine | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Qatar | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Serbia | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
Slovenia | 1 | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) |
Srilanka | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||