Screening for depression in medical research: ethical challenges and recommendations

BMC Medical Ethics

Table 1 Summary of commonly used depression screening measures

Measure	Items	Scale	Range	Recall period	Time to complete
PHQ9[8]	9	4-point	0-27	Last 2 weeks	< 3 minutes
CES-D[9]	20	4-point	0-60	Past week	10 minutes
GDS-15[10]	15	Yes or no	0-15	Past week	2-5 minutes
SCL-90-D[11]	16	5-point	16-80	Past 7 days	< 5 minutes
HADS-D[12]	7	4-point	0-21	Past 7 days	< 3 minutes
BDI-II[13]	21	4-point	0-63	Last 2 weeks	5-10 minutes

Abbreviations: BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, depression subscale; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; SCL-90-D, depression subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90.

ISSN: 1472-6939