Table 4 Frequency with which the 140 students witnessed dilemmas related to issues of Decision-making for treatment, Justice, Communication, Professionalism and Student-Specific Concerns

Poor Doctor/Patient communication

Substandard care being provided

Doctor/Patient care conflicts

Non-adherence to treatment

Decisional capacity concerns

Religious beliefs

Doctors going beyond professional obligations

Disrespect to colleagues, students

Doctors encouraging queue-jumping in clinic

Doctors disrespect to patients

Student keeping quiet over teachers conduct

Doctors treating despite poor prognosis

Students not allowed to examine patients

Student learning on patients unsupervised

Breaking bad news

Gratuitous story-telling about patients

Shortage of drugs/consumables

Student learning on patients without consent

Patients as research subjects

Informed consent issues

Student doing intimate physical examinations

Uncertainty over role in health team

Dealing with difficult patients

Medical/surgical error

Questionable use of resources

Discriminatory care of patients

Abuse /neglect of vulnerable persons

Student Compromising one’s ethical standards

Privacy/confidentiality issues

Medical error disclosure

Blood transfusion concerns

Truth-telling vs deception

Surrogate decision making

Paternity test decisions

Do not resuscitate orders

64(45.7)

64(45.7)

48(43.3)

59(42.1)

55(39.3)

55(39.3)

54(38.6)

54(38.6)

54(38.6)

53(37.9)

51(36.4)

51(36.4)

50(35.7)

50(35.7)

42(30)

40(28.6)

40(28.6)

39(27.9)

37(26.4)

36(25.7)

36(25.7)

36(25.7)

35(25)

34(24.3)

29(20.7)

26(18.6)

26(18.6)

24(17.1)

23(16.4)

21(15)

19(13.6)

19(13.6)

14(10)

4(2.9)

3(2.1)

63(45)

68(48.6)

85(60.7)

62(44.3)

79(56.4)

67(47.9)

74(52.9)

70(50)

72(51.4)

66(47.1)

75(53.6)

73(52.1)

66(47.1)

72(51.4)

79(56.4)

66(47.1)

69(49.3)

78(55.7)

70(50)

82(58.6)

69(49.3)

81(57.9)

69(49.3)

80(57.1)

43(30.7)

69(49.3)

73(52.1)

53(37.9)

72(51.4)

57(40.7)

104(74.3)

52(37.1)

55(39.3)

31(22.1)

19(13.6)

13(9.3)

8(5.7)

7(5)

19(13.6)

6(4.3)

18(12.9)

12(8.6)

16(11.4)

14(10)

21(15)

14(10)

16(11.4)

24(17.1)

18(12.9)

19(13.6)

34(24.3)

31(22.1)

23(16.4)

33(23.6)

22(15.7)

35(25)

23(16.4)

36(25.7)

26(18.6)

68(48.6)

45(29.3)

41(29.3)

63(45)

45(32.1)

62(44.3)

17(12.1)

69(49.3)

71(50.7)

105(75)

118(84.3)