Table 1 Key Actionable Points. The table contains actionable points for addressing issues related to prenatal testing and pregnancy experience. The first column identifies the issues, while the second column suggests practicable actions. The third column outlines the possible limitations of the suggested actions and their global applicability

Recognize the transformative nature of pregnancy experience

• Clarify values over time

• Take social and emotional aspects of decision-making into consideration

• Support pregnant women in dealing with risk and uncertainty. Ideally, this would be supported by a trained psychologist/specialized nursing staff

• Demographic- specific

• Feasibility may vary with local resource limitations

Standardize information provision

• Identify and standardize critical components of prenatal testing informational needs, and ensure each component is addressed by healthcare professionals

• State clearly and unequivocally actions that are part of prenatal testing protocols (e.g., ultrasounds/blood tests)

• Provide qualitative information of conditions screened for with prenatal testing to meet the informational needs of pregnant women

• Affirm and/or clarify patient knowledge

• Issues of health literacy and functional literacy of the population in question need to be taken into consideration

Personalize care provision

• Recognize value/preference based decisions versus evidence-based decisions

• Respect patient preferences/boundaries, including the preference to not undergo testing

• Resource limitations may curtail parent preferences – e.g., the use of ultrasound for bonding as opposed to medical need in resource-scarce areas

• Potential issues of fairness (accessibility of private testing to those who can afford it when not assessed to be high-risk as opposed to those who cannot)