Table 3 Non-aggregated results

Bickmore et al. 2005 [56]

FitTrack

Significant increase in mean steps per week walked; Significant increase compared to standard of care. No significant differences in well-being or loneliness.

Broadbent et al. 2016 [45]

Cafero

No significant differences in depression, quality of life, mobility activities of daily living, or behavioral scores compared to intervention with Guide

Broadbent et al. 2018 [46]

iRobi

Increased medication and therapy adherence. Net cost benefit compared to the control group.

D’Onofrio et al. 2019 [62]

Mario

No significant differences in affective status or Quality of Life compared to pre-intervention. Significant increase in resilience compared to pre-intervention.

Gustafsson, Svanberg, and Müllersdorf 2015 [68]

JustoCat

Indication of an increase in Quality of Life and decrease of symptoms of agitation as compared to pre-intervention. Not statistically significant due to the method used.

Libin and Cohen-Mansfield 2004 [72]

NeCoRo

Decrease of symptoms of agitation, affect. No significant differences compared to plush toy. Positive increase in engagement, no differences compared to plush toy. Engagement related to cognitive impairment.

Stafford et al. 2014 [51]

Charlie

Computer knowledge and positive attitude towards robots is a predictor of robot uptake and leads to lesser attribution of mind agency in robots.

Tamura et al. 2004 [52]

AIBO

Increase in engagement in occupational therapy. No differences compared to toy dog.

Khosla et al. 2021 [38]

Betty

Increase in engagement and frequency and duration of interaction.