Table 3 Participants’ attitudes and practices towards Big Data and AI

Attitudes

 It is unethical to use Big Data in healthcare where it is available if informed consent has not been provided even if it will benefit patients’ health

61 (13.1%)

136 (29.2%)

269 (57.7%)

 Access to Big Data in healthcare should be provided via a third party with no conflicts of interest that is independent both from the data owner and the researcher

62 (13.3%)

157 (33.7%)

247 (53.0%)

 Big data and AI applications in healthcare could be used for military, criminal or other ends which were not intended by its developers

103 (22.1%)

135 (29.0%)

228 (48.9%)

 Big Data and AI applications in healthcare could exacerbate existing power asymmetries by, for instance, giving a large amount of power to those already holding power over other people

55 (11.8%)

165 (35.4%)

246 (52.8%)

 Ethical processes unduly restrict the use of Big Data for research in healthcare

104 (22.3%)

183 (39.3%)

179 (38.4%)

 Big Data platform could assist future research and education in healthcare

29 (6.2%)

99 (21.2%)

338 (72.5%)

 I expect Big Data and AI application in healthcare will complement the role of physicians

57 (12.2%)

123 (26.4%)

286 (61.4%)

 I expect Big Data and AI application in healthcare will substitute the role of physicians

275 (59.0%)

108 (23.2%)

83 (17.8%)

Practices

 I have navigated the legal and regulatory aspects regarding the use of big data and AI applications in healthcare

244 (52.4%)

143 (30.7%)

79 (17.0%)

 I have used AI-powered diagnostic tools in my practice

251 (53.9%)

116 (24.9%)

99 (21.2%)

 Jordan has laws that regulate the use of AI and Big Data applications in healthcare practice

240 (51.5%)

159 (34.1%)

67 (14.4%)